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1.2ROS安装

ROS 2安装

安装过程中注意：ROS 2的版本往往与ubuntu的版本有关。查看https://docs.ros.org/可获得目前主流的版本。

设置编码

sudo apt update && sudo apt install locales
sudo locale-gen en_US en_US.UTF-8
sudo update-locale LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 LANG=en_US.UTF-8 
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

添加源

sudo apt update && sudo apt install curl gnupg lsb-release 
sudo curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/ros.key -o /usr/share/keyrings/ros-archive-keyring.gpg 
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/ros-archive-keyring.gpg] http://packages.ros.org/ros2/ubuntu $(source /etc/os-release && echo $UBUNTU_CODENAME) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros2.list > /dev/null

安装ROS 2

sudo apt update

sudo apt upgrade

# 如果你是ubuntu 24.04，那么安装jazzy版本
sudo apt install ros-jazzy-desktop

设置环境变量

# 立刻执行脚本
source /opt/ros/jazzy/setup.bash

# 之后每次开启终端执行执行脚本
echo " source /opt/ros/jazzy/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc 

你也可以使用Docker简化这个过程。

复杂的功能需要很多依赖，系统中默认的Python3出于安全考虑，可能不让你在全局环境中安装包。代码的提示给了很多选项，例如安装在虚拟环境中，删除安全文件。加上关键字，你应该学会通过翻译软件，翻译报错信息。它让你看某个文件，也请学会使用翻译软件，翻译文件内容。

error: externally-managed-environment

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,
    create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
    Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make
    sure you have python3-full installed.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian packaged Python application,
    it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.
    
    See /usr/share/doc/python3.12/README.venv for more information.

note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.

根据提示，得到的解决方式之一：pip3 install 你的包 --break-system-packages

或者可以把externally managed文件删除。

sudo apt install -y python3-pip

sudo pip3 install rosdepc --break-system-packages

sudo rosdepc init

rosdepc update

ROS 2安装